US Universities: Physical Campus qualities
“impact Retention and Graduation”
“impact Retention and Graduation”
by Ellie Bothwell
Scholar
says campus environments “matter more than universities realize”.
US
universities with the best physical campus environments tend to have stronger
student retention and graduation rates, according to research.
A
study looking at the qualities of US campuses found that physical campus
characteristics can impact student satisfaction and academic performance.
The
research from Amir Hajrasouliha, assistant professor in city and regional
planning at California Polytechnic State University-San
Luis Obispo,
devised a “Campus Score” to measure the “urbanism, greenness and on-campus
living” of 103 research-intensive universities in the US.
It
examined 10 qualities, which included the proportion of pervious open space;
density of tree canopies; proportion of surface parking areas; proportion of
students living on campus; campus compactness; diversity of land uses; and the
centrality of the campus to its county.
In
each case, higher amounts meant higher scores, with the exception of surface
parking areas.
The
research found that universities with the highest campus scores tended to have
a higher proportion of students who stayed at the university after their first
year and a higher proportion of students who graduated within six years.
Professor
Hajrasouliha said that the research shows that physical campus characteristics
“matter more than universities realise”.
“The
most common strategies to improve retention and graduation rates are financial-
and academic-related strategies, such as revising the financial aid strategy,
reregulating student selectivity policy, investing in academic and advisory
services, and revising curriculums and programmes. But sometimes we forget that
a valuable asset for student success can be the physical campus itself and its
surroundings,” he said.
“A
supportive learning environment in a physical sense can enrich students’
college experience, create a sense of belonging, and respond to their social
and emotional needs.”
Rank
|
University
|
Urban score
|
Green score
|
Living score
|
Campus score (composite score)
|
1
|
248.84
|
93.52
|
216.79
|
238.25
|
|
2
|
100.17
|
187.36
|
223.12
|
226.66
|
|
3
|
97.86
|
219.43
|
161.89
|
204.03
|
|
4
|
63.93
|
193.08
|
191.45
|
193.20
|
|
5
|
69.06
|
223.07
|
159.78
|
191.68
|
|
6
|
200.79
|
89.84
|
176.67
|
188.92
|
|
7
|
106.34
|
126.42
|
210.45
|
187.96
|
|
8
|
153.21
|
86.96
|
202.01
|
182.08
|
|
9
|
36.62
|
217.00
|
172.45
|
181.83
|
|
10
|
15.08
|
209.99
|
193.56
|
181.79
|
Source:
Hajrasouliha, A. (2016) ‘Campus score: measuring university campus
qualities’, Landscape and Urban Planning 158, pp 166-176
New
York’s Columbia University comes top in terms of its
overall campus environment, followed by Princeton University and Lehigh University.
Columbia
is the top scorer when it comes to urbanism, while Emory University, which comes fifth overall, is
the greenest campus analysed, and Princeton achieves the highest living score.
Private
universities, on average, have significantly higher scores in the ranking than
public institutions, while universities with greater levels of research
activity tended to feature higher up the list.
Campuses
built before the American Civil War also did better than newer campuses, mainly
because of differences in on-campus living.
In
terms of recommendations for universities based on the research, Professor
Hajrasouliha suggested that institutions could increase on-campus housing for
students and decrease surface parking areas.
For
institutions in urban settings, he recommended investing in green spaces on and
adjacent to campuses, while he said that encouraging infill and mixed-use
development on or adjacent to campuses could lead to improvements for suburban
and rural institutions.
Source: TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION's WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS
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